String Theory Essays -- physics

Special Relativity The speed of light is the speed limit for the universe. Light travels at the same speed regardless of relative position. When applied to Newtonian physics, it provided new relativistic formulas for motion. 4 Quantum Theory Hot objects emit electromagnetic radiation. If the energy carried off by radiation is added together, the total energy produced is calculated to be infinite. Max Planck deduced that if energy was emitted in discrete packets, quanta, it would be a finite quanity of energy. Radiation of frequency v comes in quanta of energy E = hv where h is Planck's constant . Photons are the quanta of light. This began the idea of wave-particle duality and quantum mechanics. 4 Quantum Mechanics Explanation of atomic particles including bosons and fermions . Describes the laws of motion for atomic particles and describes the spin of electrons that had previously been predicted. 5 General Relativity Einstein saw that special relativity was in contradiction with Newtonian gravity because the classical interpretation required the instantaneous transmission of force between two objects. General relativity accounts for a discrepancy in Mercury's orbit, predicted that light would be bent by a gravitational field (proved by Eddington during a solar eclipse), predicted the existence of black holes and gravitational radiation, and describes an expanding universe. "Gravity is a manifestation of the curvature of space-time." The equation for space-time geometry becomes GÂ µv = 8piGTÂ µv where G is Newton's contant and TÂ µv is the distribution of energy and momentum. 4 Quantum Field Theory Quantum Field Theory is the unification of quantum mechanics and special relativity. This union required the crea... ...ic Yang-Mills theory" 6. Works Cited 1 Greene, Brian. Superstring Theory. University of Cornell. Web site. http://www.lassp.cornell.edu/GraduateAdmissions/greene/greene.html 2 Herdeiro, Carlos. M-Theory: The Theory Formerly Known as Strings. University of Cambridge, 1996. Web site. http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/qg_ss.html 3 Pierre, John. Superstrings! String Theory Home Page. 1999-2001. Web site. http://www.sukidog.com/jpierre/strings/ 4 Schwarz, John. The Second Superstring Revolution. Caltech Particle Theory Group. Web site. http://theory.caltech.edu/people/jhs/strings/ 5 Schwarz, Patricia. The Official String Theory Web Site. Web site. http://superstringtheory.com/ 6 String Theory in a Nutshell. University of London String Theory Group. Web site. http://www.strings.ph.qmul.ac.uk/ String Theory Essays -- physics Special Relativity The speed of light is the speed limit for the universe. Light travels at the same speed regardless of relative position. When applied to Newtonian physics, it provided new relativistic formulas for motion. 4 Quantum Theory Hot objects emit electromagnetic radiation. If the energy carried off by radiation is added together, the total energy produced is calculated to be infinite. Max Planck deduced that if energy was emitted in discrete packets, quanta, it would be a finite quanity of energy. Radiation of frequency v comes in quanta of energy E = hv where h is Planck's constant . Photons are the quanta of light. This began the idea of wave-particle duality and quantum mechanics. 4 Quantum Mechanics Explanation of atomic particles including bosons and fermions . Describes the laws of motion for atomic particles and describes the spin of electrons that had previously been predicted. 5 General Relativity Einstein saw that special relativity was in contradiction with Newtonian gravity because the classical interpretation required the instantaneous transmission of force between two objects. General relativity accounts for a discrepancy in Mercury's orbit, predicted that light would be bent by a gravitational field (proved by Eddington during a solar eclipse), predicted the existence of black holes and gravitational radiation, and describes an expanding universe. "Gravity is a manifestation of the curvature of space-time." The equation for space-time geometry becomes GÂ µv = 8piGTÂ µv where G is Newton's contant and TÂ µv is the distribution of energy and momentum. 4 Quantum Field Theory Quantum Field Theory is the unification of quantum mechanics and special relativity. This union required the crea... ...ic Yang-Mills theory" 6. Works Cited 1 Greene, Brian. Superstring Theory. University of Cornell. Web site. http://www.lassp.cornell.edu/GraduateAdmissions/greene/greene.html 2 Herdeiro, Carlos. M-Theory: The Theory Formerly Known as Strings. University of Cambridge, 1996. Web site. http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/qg_ss.html 3 Pierre, John. Superstrings! String Theory Home Page. 1999-2001. Web site. http://www.sukidog.com/jpierre/strings/ 4 Schwarz, John. The Second Superstring Revolution. Caltech Particle Theory Group. Web site. http://theory.caltech.edu/people/jhs/strings/ 5 Schwarz, Patricia. The Official String Theory Web Site. Web site. http://superstringtheory.com/ 6 String Theory in a Nutshell. University of London String Theory Group. Web site. http://www.strings.ph.qmul.ac.uk/